Physics 240

      Design, Fabrication, and Use of Scientific Apparatus

      Spring Term, 2009

      Instructor:Bryan Peterson
      Office:N355 ESC           Research Area:C341 ESC
      Phone:422-7417           Phone:422-5665
      Office Hours: 2:00-2:50 MWF and by appointment
      E-mail: bryan_peterson@byu.edu

      Section 1:MTuWTh 8:00-10:50 AM
      TA:Owen Johnson
       Daniel Merrill

      About the Course

      Course Calendar

        Section 1

      Please note that the schedule is subject to change - this calendar is not cast in concrete.

      Schedule Details

      Lab Handouts

        Machine Shop:
        • Machine Shop Regulations
        • Virtual Machining Tutorial
        • Chart of Tool Speeds
        • Heater Block Drawing
        • Heater Block Job Sheet
        • Heater Cap Drawing
        • Heater Cap Job Sheet
        • Heater Rod Drawing - simple external threads
        • Heater Rod Drawing - cut external threads (see below for instructions on drawing threads)
        • Heater Rod Job Sheet
        CAD Training:
          SolidWorks is found on the 5 computers in the room (location yet to be determined). You will have to work on one of those computers. You need to complete the online tutorial, duplicate the drawings of the heater block, cap, and rod, and draw the jack-in-a-cube by taking measurements from the cubes available in the lab.

          Look here for instructions on drawing an external thread in SolidWorks so that it really looks like a thread. It is not necessary to use this method to pass off your drawings. There are alternatives.

        LabVIEW Basics:
          The files for the LabVIEW Basics course are found on the computers in the lab. They are in the directory "C:\labfiles\LabVIEW Basics I" - as you work through the course you will have to save the files you modify elsewhere. You should complete sections 3-8 in the LabVIEW Basics manual. I am assuming that you have already been exposed to LabVIEW in Physics 145, 150, or 250. If you haven't already worked with LabVIEW you will need to complete the "Getting Started With LabVIEW" manual before going through the LabVIEW Basics manual.

          For Exercise 3.5 you can emulate some of the features of the DAQ signal accessory by connecting a 10k pot so that the ends of the pot connect to the "+5" and "DGND" screw terminals and the wiper connects to the "USER 1" screw terminal. You then connect a coaxial cable from the "USER 1" BNC connector to the "ACH0" input. Be sure that the switch below "ACH0" is set to "GS" (grounded source) and the switch above "ACH0" is set to "BNC" (get the signal from the BNC connector). You will need to adjust the pot until the voltage on the wiper falls in the range of 0.20 to 0.32 V.

        • The wires on a pot are usually grouped together with the center wire connecting to the wiper. You can check this be connecting an ohmmeter to the other two wires: the resistance should remain constant as you rotate the knob. If you are uncertain - ASK. It is NOT possible to add noise to the temperature signal and you change the temperature by rotating the knob on the pot.
        • When you work through Chapter 7 of the LabVIEW Basics manual there are three concepts that you need to understand:

          • Grounded vs. Floating Source
          • Smallest Detectable Change (we use a 12-bit analog-input board)
          • Signal Aliasing
          If you don't understand these be sure that you ask.

          Parts of Exercise 8.1 can be done with the hardware, and others are best done with the simulated hardware. In Part C, no. 10:

          • 1st box: Use the "No Hardware" method unless you wish to use the connections used for exercise 3.5 (described above).
          • 4th and 5th boxes: Use the hardware, connect "DAC0" to "ACH1" using a coaxial cable. The switch below "ACH1" should be on "GS" (grounded source) and the one above "ACH1" should be on "BNC" (signal from the BNC connector).
          • 6th box: The digital indicators are in the lower right corner of the box. If you wish to switch one of the input (DIO4 through DIO7) you can connect to wire from "DGND" to the appropriate input to turn it off (they are on if you don't do anything).
          • 8th box: The counter expects the signal on the "CTR - SOURCE0" (also labelled "PFI8") screw terminal. Put a jumper wire from that terminal to the "USER 2" terminal and connect the "TTL Square Wave" to the "USER 2" connector.

          In Exercise 8.2 you can create their DAQ Signal Accessory with the following connections:

          • Connect a coaxial cable from the "Sine/Triangle" output to the "ACH1" input. Make sure that the switch below "ACH1" is set to "GS" (grounded source) and the switch above "ACH1" is set to "BNC" (acquire signal from the BNC connector).
          • Connect a coaxial cable from the "TTL Square Wave" output to the "PFI0/Trig" input.
          • Set the "Frequency Selection" switch to 100-10kHz.

          Exercise 8.3 will also work using the "Quadrature Encoder" knob in the upper right corner of the box. Connect the "CLK" output from the encoder to "CTR-SOURCE0" (also labelled "PFI8") using a jumper wire. Also connect the "UP/DN" output to "DIO6". The counter will then count the pulses generated by rotating the encoder knob (96 pulses/revolution).

          Optional exercise 8.4 uses the same connections as exercise 8.3 and will work as described.

        Temperature Measurement Lab:
        • Heater Construction Handout - This is a 7 MB file because of the pictures, it will take a while on a slow connection.
        • Data sheet on the heater material
        • Building a Constant Current Source
        • Temperature Measurement Lab Handout
        • How to make KaleidaGraph (mostly) happy
        • Contents of a Physics 240 components box
        Temperature Controller Contest:
        • Temperature Controller Handout and Contest Rules
        Superconductivity Measurements:
        • Superconductor R vs. T
        • Formal Superconductor Report
        • "Statement of ethics and responsibilities of authors submitting to AIP Journals."

          Here are some files you may find useful in generating your report:

          • Constant current supply schematic (encapsulated Postcript)
          • Constant current supply schematic (pdf)
          • Drawing of superconductor (encapsulated Postcript)
          • Drawing of superconductor (pdf)
          • Picture of superconductor (encapsulated Postcript)
          • Picture of superconductor (pdf)

          Some sample papers on BSCCO for you to peruse:

            These links are to the abstract for the articles. If you are using a computer on BYU campus you should be able to access the full text from the "PDF" link at the bottom of the page. If you are not on campus you can access the full text by authenticating through the library web site and accessing the journals from their links.

            • H. K. Lee, et. al., "Preparation and properties of Pb-doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors," J. Appl. Phys. 66(4), 1881-1883 (15 August 1989).
            • K. Togano, et. al., "Properties of Pb-doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors," Appl. Phys. Lett. 53(14), 1329-1331 (3 October 1988).
            • S. M. Green, et. al., "Effects of compositional variations on the properties of superconducting (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Oδ," J. Appl. Phys. 66(2), 728-734 (15 July 1989).

          The AIP Style Manual - There are similar style guides for nearly every journal. You need to be acquainted with the style for the journal in which you wish to publish your paper. This particular guide is out of print and is superseded by the guides published by each particular journal. For instance, the guide for the Journal of Applied Physics can be found here and the guide for the Astrophysical Journal can be found here.

          And some random sample papers to see formatting:

            Again, these are just abstracts. Use the links from the abstracts to get the actual papers.
            • Rev. Sci. Instr., May 2000, 71(5), 2136-2146 (May 2000)
            • Rev. Sci. Instr., Feb. 1989, 60(2), 261-264 (February 1989)
            • Phys. Rev. B, 2001, 63(6), 064505 (January 2001)
            • Phys. Rev. B, 2001, 64(10), 100504 (August 2001) (Rapid Commun.)
        Small Signal Detection and Noise:
        • Short discussion of sources of noise and how a lock-in amplifier works
        • Photodiodes, LEDs, and the Lock-in Amplifier
        • Data sheet for the LMC6001 amplifier
        • Data sheet for UDT Photoconductive photodiodes
        Student-designed Experiment:
        • Group Project and Presentations

      Equipment Manuals

      • Kepco ATE36-8 power supply
      • National Instruments PCI E-series DAQ board
      • PCI-6040E/PCI-MIO-16E-4 multifunction board specifications
      • National Instruments BNC-2120 Connector Block Installation and Configuration Guide

      Check Your Scores

      Get a CID (Class ID) number

      Contact Bryan Peterson with questions or comments about this page.