No.

The quote which is applicable is this: "... it was the will of God that those who went to Zion, with a determination to lay down their lives, if necessary, should be ordained to the ministry, and go forth to prune the vineyard for the last time, or the coming of the Lord, which was nigh - even fifty-six years should wind up the scene." (History of the Church, Vol.2, Ch.13, p.182)

This statement was taken by some (although not subsequent church leaders) to be a prophecy which meant that Christ would come before 1891, but I think that's a faulty reading.

I found the following in an address of Joseph E. Taylor, given in a lecture at the Logan Temple, in 1888 (a few years before the end of the "56 years").

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The signs of the near approach of the coming of our Savior are certainly unmistakable; but the exact time we cannot determine. Some Latter-day Saints have expressed themselves in a very positive manner upon this point, and have based their sayings upon statements made by Joseph the Prophet, to which we will refer.

On the fourteenth day of February, 1835, the members of Zion's Camp assembled in Kirtland by the commandment of God and were then addressed by Joseph Smith, who, among other things, said "it was the will of God that they should be ordained to the ministry, and go forth to prune the vineyard for the last time, or the coming of the Lord, which was nigh, even fifty-six years should wind up the scene." At one time, Joseph says, he was praying to know concerning the coming of the Son of Man, when he heard a voice repeat the following words: "Joseph, my son, if thou livest until thou art eighty-five years old, thou shalt see the face of the Son of Man; therefore let this suffice, and trouble me no more on this matter." Joseph says concerning this: "I was left thus in doubt, without being able to decide whether this coming referred to the beginning of the Millennium, or to some previous appearing, or whether I should die and thus see His face. I believe the coming of the Son of Man will not be any sooner than that time." Had Joseph lived until December 23rd, 1890, he would then have been eighty-five years of age. The fifty-six years spoken of that should wind up the scene will terminate February 14th, 1891.

While these are very important sayings, they are to some extent ambiguous, and require further explanation, if not further revelation, to make them plain. And when the Prophet himself expresses doubt upon one of them, as to what was really meant, it would certainly be presumptuous on my part to conclude that it is sufficiently explicit

to base a decision upon. In regard to the fifty-six years just alluded to might it not be interpreted to mean that the fulness of the Gentiles should then come in; or does the expression refer only to the second coming of Christ? These are questions I do not feel myself competent to answer. Jesus says: "But of that day and hour knoweth no man, no not the angels in heaven, but my Father only." (Matt. 24:6) The new translation says, "Neither the Son but the Father only."

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I guess my feelings are similar - that it is ambiguous as to what the 56 years was referring to, and that it is ambiguous as to whether Joseph was issuing an additional revelation, or (as seems more likely to me) just giving some comments on the revelation already received (the one which said if he was lived to be 85-- which he didn't-- he would see the Son of Man). Apparently, in the church, though, the 56 year figure had a "folk Mormon" status. But, it was not accepted by the general church as an official pronouncement on the 2nd Coming.