Köppen's Climatic Classification System  (Map)

Letter Symbol

Climatic Characteristics

Criteria

1st 2nd 3rd
A       Humid tropical   All months have an average T of 18°C (64°F) or higher
  f     Tropical wet (rain forest)   Wet all seasons; all months have at least 6 cm (2.4 in) of rainfall
  m     Tropical monsoon   Short dry season (3 to 5 months); rainfall in driest month is less than 6 cm (2.4 in)
  w     Tropical wet and dry (savanna)   Winter dry season; rainfall in driest month is less than 6 cm (2.4 in)
B       Dry   Potential evaporation and transpiration exceed precipitation
  S     Semi-arid (steppe)   The BS/BW boundary is exactly one-half the dry/humid boundary.  Covers 14% of earth's land
  W     Arid (desert)   True desert.  Covers 12% of earth's land surface
    h   Hot and dry   Mean annual T ≥ 18°C (64°F)
    k   Cool and dry   Mean annual T £ 18°C (64°F)  (Climate of the Wasatch Front's valleys = BSk)
C       Moist with mild winters   -3°C (27°F) £ Coolest month's average T £ 18°C (64°F)
  w     Dry winters   Average rainfall of driest month £ 1/10 average rainfall of wettest month
  s     Dry summers   Average rainfall of driest summer month < 4 cm (1.6 in) and £ 1/3 times rainfall of wettest month
  f     Wet all seasons   Criteria for neither w or s cannot be met
    a   Summers long and hot   Hottest month's average T > 22°C (72°F).  At least 4 month's have average T > 10°C (50°F)
    b   Summers long and cool   Average T of all months < 22°C (72°F).  At least 4 month's have average T > 10°C (50°F)
    c   Summers short and cool   Average T of all months < 22°C (72°F).  1 to 3 month's have average T > 10°C (50°F)
D       Moist with cold winters   Average T of coldest month £ -3°C (27°F).  Average T of warmest month > 10°C (50°F)
  w     Dry winters   Same as Cw.  (Average rainfall of driest month £ 1/10 average rainfall of wettest month)
  s     Dry summers   Same as Cs
  f     Wet all seasons   Same as Cf
    a   Summers long and hot   Same as Cfa
    b   Summers long and cool   Same as Cfb
    c   Summers short and cool   Same as Cfc
    d   Summers short and cool.
  Winters severe.
  Average T of coldest month £ -38°C (-36°F)
E       Polar climate   Average T of warmest month < 10°C (50°F)
  T     Tundra   0°C (32°F) < Average T of warmest month < 10°C (50°F).
  F     Ice cap   Average T of warmest month £ 0°C (32°F)
H       Highland   Large swings of T and humidity in short distance because of varying elevation.  1000' elev. ~ 200 mi. NS dist. ~ 3° lat.