Condensation Nuclei

Typical Atmospheric Number Density:  103 - 104 /cm3

Mass Range:  > 10-12 gram

Common Substances:  dust, smoke, salt, sulfate particles from phytoplankton, pollutants

Condensation Nuclei Classification Criteria
Classified by Type Characteristics
(1) Size Small Aitken r < 0.2 μm (10-6 m)
Large Aitken 0.2 μm £ r £ 1.0 μm
Giant Aitken r > 1.0 μm
(2) Interaction with water vapor Hygroscopic ("water seeking") Condensation can occur for RH < 100%
(down to about 75%), e.g., salt
Hydrophobic ("water repelling") Condensation occurs only at RH > 100%,
e.g., oils, paints

Usually a wide mixture of particle types and sizes are present.  Hence haze, fog and clouds typically form at RH < 100%.